We expect our hardware revenues to be most impacted while our recurring revenue stream is expected to be more resilient.Research and development expensesIncome (loss) from continuing operationsExpenditures for property, plant and equipmentSecond quarter income tax expense (non-GAAP) of $19 million decreased from $22 million in the prior year period. The ATM revenue decline was mainly the result of COVID-19 border closures and logistical delays. Gross margin rate (non-GAAP) was 25.7%, down from 28.5%. These cookies do not store any personal information.Net income (loss) attributable to NCR common stockholdersPostretirement and postemployment benefits liabilitiesNet change in client funds obligationsMr. NCR is a trademark of NCR Corporation in the United States and other countries.Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipmentSecond quarter operating expenses of $283 million decreased from $314 million in the prior year period. These steps include suspending our share repurchase programs, limiting our mergers and acquisition activity, reducing salary for members of our leadership team and certain salaried employees, reducing our planned capital expenditures, eliminating most contractors, curtailing travel, and freezing merit increases and hiring.
Foreign currency fluctuations had no impact on the revenue comparison.NCR stockholders’ equity:Series A convertible preferred stock: par value $0.01 per share, 3.0 shares authorized, 0.4 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020, March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; redemption amount and liquidation preference of $405 as of June 30, 2020 and $399 as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectivelyStock-based compensation expenseOther investing activities, netValuation allowance release & other tax adjustmentsAdditions to capitalized softwareSelling, general and administrative expensesIncome (loss) from continuing operations attributable to NCR common stockholdersProceeds from sales of investmentsNet income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interestsHospitality revenue decreased 21% mainly due to the continued impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. Hayford continued, Customers across our markets are looking for new and safer ways to transact with consumers, and our contactless digital first solutions are increasingly gaining traction. As noted on our first quarter 2020 earnings call, we have taken several steps to build our cash reserve to improve our financial liquidity and flexibility, and provide a cushion to help weather the impacts of the pandemic. Second quarter operating income (non-GAAP) of $116 million decreased from $192 million in the prior year period. Despite the unprecedented environment, our teams are executing at a high level and we are further advancing our strategy. The decrease in net income from continuing operations attributable to NCR was driven by impacts to gross margin and operating expenses described above.Depreciation and amortization (excluding acquisition-related amortization of intangibles)Certain amounts have been revised for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 to correct for errors related to the business activities of JetPay Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary, which will be more fully described in our upcoming Form 10-Q filing.We continue to navigate through the challenging times presented by COVID-19, with a sharp focus on safeguarding our employees and helping our customers. The decrease in income tax expense (non-GAAP) was primarily driven by lower income before taxes.Borrowings on revolving credit facilitiesNCR Corporation (NYSE: NCR) reported financial results today for the three months ended June 30, 2020.